Muslims can study and teach man-made laws as long as they have enough knowledge of Islam and Islamic laws. They will also get a great reward if they aim to explain such laws flaws and the superiority of Islamic law.
Using zakat funds to build Islamic centers is not approved by all scholars. The view approving it is based on the fact that Islamic centers’ role is the advocacy of Islam, so they may be included in the ways of zakat.
It is permissible for a Muslim lawyer to work in non-Muslim countries in civil courts. As long as he believes that the case is legitimate and he aims to help those suffering injustice otherwise it is forbidden.
Muslim disputes should be settled through Islamic law. In case of necessity in non-Muslim countries, they can put their disputes to civil courts but it is forbidden to take something that is not rightfully.
Muslim cannot be a judge under non-Islamic authorities unless he takes this position with intention of giving justice to Muslims and non-Muslims, provided that his own decision is in agreement with Islamic law.
In some areas the beginning and end of the fasting day cannot be determined or the day is too long or too short. Some scholars said that they could follow Mekkah or Madinah or the nearest cities with moderate timings.
Questions are often asked about the timing of prayers in remote areas, where prayers’ time is blurred. In these areas prayer time is determined on the basis of analogy with clear prayers time at the nearest place.
In non- Muslim countries other languages might be used for Eid and Friday sermon. Some scholars prefer that the essentials should be in Arabic. Otherwise, it might be in Arabic then translated to other language.
Delaying a prayer beyond its time range or combining tow prayers is only accepted in situations of maximum difficulty. Although some scholars have permitted in case or work conditions and other situations.
Renting a place that have been used for gaming or dancing for Friday or Eid prayer is not accepted by all scholars. Some approve it in condition that the place is thoroughly cleaned. Others disapprove it completely.
Muslims in Western countries are allowed to rent Churches for Friday or Eid prayers if no other place is available. But they have to make sure that statues are covered and the place is cleaned from any impurities.
Muslims might offer their obligatory prayers in several congregations in the same mosque; whether due to limited space or latecomers. It is permitted by many scholars and supported by the Prophet’s hadith.
Some scholars permit holding more than one Friday prayer congregation in the same mosque if there is no space to accommodate all worshippers. While others argue that there is no evidence for this in Islam history.
Islam has established rulings pertaining to testimony to insure achieving justice and eliminate the possibility of favoritism or oppression. Islam considers perjury as a cardinal sin. The article discusses this in detail.
There are certain conditions required in a witness: Islam, adulthood and sanity, speech, accuracy and good memory, probity. Testimony of people of earlier divine religions is acceptable in certain cases.
Giving testimony pertaining to the rights of human beings is a collective duty, witnesses must not refuse when they are called in. it is an obligation if one is summoned to testify which confirms Islam's protection of rights.
Certain values must be observed by judges. Anything that may blur the judge's fairness should be avoided whether anger, fear, etc. Rulings have to be based on the Quran, and Sunnah, unanimity, Ijtihad, or a fatwa by a qualified Mufti.
Islam stipulates certain conditions in judges to assume their positions such as: Islam, sanity and adulthood, probity, sound constitution, Knowledge of the Quran and Sunnah, and a degree of scholarship to exercise Ijtihad.
The basis of the justice system is the Qura'n, Sunnah and unanimity of scholars. It is important to appoint judges to settle disputes which earn great reward from God because it supports rights and combats corruption.
Nafaqah is to provide for whomever one supports, Islam states that a wife is entitled to full nafaqah by her husband but with certain conditions such as validity of marriage and fulfilling marital deities by the wife.
